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・ Synodus gibbsi
・ Synodus intermedius
・ Synodus janus
・ Synodus lobeli
・ Synodus macrocephalus
・ Synodus marchenae
・ Synodus mascarensis
・ Synodus oculeus
・ Synodus orientalis
・ Synodus randalli
・ Synodus tectus
・ Synodus usitatus
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・ Synoeca chalibea
・ Synoeca cyanea
Synoeca septentrionalis
・ Synoeca surinama
・ Synoecha
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・ Synoecism (disambiguation)
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Synoeca septentrionalis : ウィキペディア英語版
Synoeca septentrionalis

''Synoeca septentrionalis'' is one of five species of wasps in the ''Synoeca'' genus. It is a swarm-founding wasp that is also eusocial, exhibiting complicated nest structure and defense mechanisms and a colony cycle including a pre-emergence phase and a post-emergence phase.〔 It is typically found in areas from Central to South America.〔 This wasp is one of the larger species of paper wasps and exhibits multiple morphological adaptations as a result of this.〔 ''S. septentrionalis'' is known for possessing an incredibly painful sting.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==

''Synoeca septentrionalis'' is one of five species of wasp in the genus of ''Synoeca'', with the other four being ''S. chalybea'', ''S. cyanea'', ''S. surinama'', and ''S. virginea''.〔 Wasps in the ''Synoeca'' genus are often referred to as warrior wasps and are found in various areas in the Americas. Each wasp in the genus exhibits similar characteristics, but from a phylogenetic standpoint, ''S. septentrionalis'' is most closely related to ''S. surinama'' and ''S. cyanea''. The wasps in this genus are also a part of the paper wasp tribe known as Epiponini, which are considered to be Neotropical.〔 In general, the genus is quite aggressive and〔Hogue, Charles Leonard. ''Latin American Insects and Entomology''. University of California Press, 1993. ISBN 0-520-07849-7〕 and will often display cohesive defense mechanisms when threatened.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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